|
''Layla and Majnun'' ((英語:Possessed by madness for Layla); (ペルシア語:لیلی و مجنون عامری) (''Leyli o Majnun''); (アラビア語:مجنون لیلی) (''Majnun Layla'')) is a love story that originated as poem in ancient Persia,〔 later was adopted by the Persian poet Nizami Ganjavi who also wrote "''Khosrow and Shirin''". It is the third of his five long narrative poems, ''Khamsa'' (the Quintet). Qays and Layla fall in love with each other when they are young, but when they grow up Layla’s father doesn't allow them to be together. Qays becomes obsessed with her, and the community gives him the epithet ''Majnun'' (مجنون, lit. "possessed"), the same epithet given to the semi-historical character Qays ibn al-Mulawwah of the Banu 'Amir tribe. Long before Nizami, the legend circulated in anecdotal forms in Arabic ''akhbar''. The early anecdotes and oral reports about Majnun are documented in ''Kitab al-Aghani'' and Ibn Qutaybah's ''al-Shi'r wal-Shu'ara'.'' The anecdotes are mostly very short, only loosely connected, and show little or no plot development.〔 Many imitations have been contrived of Nizami's work, several of which are original literary works in their own right, including Amir Khusrow Dehlavi's ''Majnun o Leyli'' (completed in 1299), and Jami's version, completed in 1484, amounts to 3,860 couplets. Two other notable imitations are by Maktabi Shirazi and Hatefi (d. 1520), which became popular in Ottoman Turkey and India. Sir William Jones published Hatefi's romance in Calcutta in 1788. The popularity of the romance following Nizami's version is also evident from the references to it in lyrical poetry and mystical mathnavis—before the appearance of Nizami's romance, there are just some allusions to Layla and Majnun in divans. The number and variety of anecdotes about the lovers also increased considerably from the twelfth century onwards. Mystics contrived many stories about Majnun to illustrate technical mystical concepts such as ''fanaa'' (annihilation), ''divānagi'' (love-madness), self-sacrifice, etc. Nizami's work has been translated into many languages. ==Story== Qays fell in love with Layla. He soon began composing poems about his love for her, mentioning her name often. His unselfconscious efforts to woo the girl caused some locals to call him "Majnun" (madman). When he asked for her hand in marriage, her father refused because it would be a scandal for Layla to marry someone considered mentally unbalanced. Soon after, Layla was married to another noble and rich merchant belonging to the Thaqif tribe in Ta'if. He was described as a handsome white man with reddish cheeks whose name was Ward Althaqafi. The Arabs called him Ward, meaning "rose" in Arabic. When Majnun heard of her marriage, he fled the tribal camp and began wandering the surrounding desert. His family eventually gave up hope for his return and left food for him in the wilderness. He could sometimes be seen reciting poetry to himself or writing in the sand with a stick. Layla is generally depicted as having moved to a place in Northern Arabia with her husband, where she became ill and eventually died. In some versions, Layla dies of heartbreak from not being able to see her would-be lover. Majnun was later found dead in the wilderness in 688 AD, near Layla’s grave. He had carved three verses of poetry on a rock near the grave, which are the last three verses attributed to him. Many other minor incidents happened between his madness and his death. Most of his recorded poetry was composed before his descent into madness. It is a tragic story of undying love much like the later ''Romeo and Juliet''. This type of love is known as "virgin love" because the lovers never marry or consummate their passion. Other famous virgin love stories set in Arabia are the stories of ''Qays and Lubna'', ''Kuthair and Azza'', ''Marwa and Al Majnoun Al Faransi'', ''Antara and Abla'', and ''Irfan and Zoobi''. This literary motif is common throughout the world, notably in the Muslim literature of South Asia, such as Urdu ghazals. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Layla and Majnun」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|